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Location: Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
Website: http://www.ship.edu
Type: Public
Federal Circuit: 3rd Circuit
Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania has been given the speech code rating Green. Green light institutions are those colleges and universities whose policies nominally protect free speech. Read more here.
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Pennsylvania House of Representatives Select Committee on Student Academic Freedom
September 19, 2005
The Pennsylvania House of Representatives brought together a committee to examine allegations that Pennsylvania’s public universities were plagued by liberal ideology and indoctrination. David A. French, at the time president of FIRE, served as a legal adviser to the panel. FIRE released FIRE Report on the First Amendment Responsibilities of Pennsylvania State-Funded Colleges and Universities, explaining that Pennsylvania universities are bound to follow the strictures of the U.S. and Pennsylvania Constitutions, notably to respect the expressive rights of students and faculty members, to protect religious liberty on campus, and to protect freedom of conscience on campus.
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Shippensburg University: Speech Code Litigation
April 23, 2003
In April 2003, FIRE Legal Network attorneys David A. French and William Adair Bonner filed a complaint against Shippensburg University, challenging the legality of its speech code, on behalf of two unnamed students. The U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania later issued a preliminary injunction ordering Shippensburg to cease enforcement of certain aspects of the speech code. The attorneys reached an out-of-court settlement with Shippensburg in 2004, in which the school agreed to replace unconstitutional provisions of its Code of Conduct and to rewrite its Racism and Cultural Diversity Policy. Four years later, Shippensburg reinstated several unconstitutional […]
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What Is Sexual Misconduct?
Speech Code Category: Harassment Policies
Last updated: January 24, 2017Sexual Harassment – is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature. It includes sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. It constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual’s employment or education, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work or learning environment. Sexual violence is a form of sexual harassment.
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Bullying – unwanted, aggressive conduct between persons that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time.
Swataney: Student Code of Conduct and Judicial Process- Harassment, Intimidation Sexual Misconduct and Disruptive Conduct
Speech Code Category: Harassment Policies
Last updated: January 24, 2017No person shall engage in harassing, intimidating, or threatening conduct.
Swataney: Student Code of Conduct and Judicial Process- Computing and Telecommunications
Speech Code Category: Internet Usage Policies
Last updated: January 24, 2017No person shall use computing services or facilities to harass another, send obscene materials/messages, or to interfere with the work of others, including the University.
Office of Social Equity: Sexual Harassment Policy Statement
Speech Code Category: Harassment Policies
Last updated: January 24, 2017For purposes of this policy, unsolicited sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, verbal comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature which are unwelcome constitute sexual harassment when: … Such conduct has the effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work or academic performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or academic environment. In Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education, 526 U.S 629 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that in order to constitute sex discrimination in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 the harassment must be “so severe, pervasive and objectively offensive that it can be said to deprive the victim’s access to the educational opportunities or benefits provided by the school.”
Swataney: Student Code of Conduct and Judicial Process- Preamble
Speech Code Category: Advertised Commitments to Free Expression
Last updated: January 24, 2017The community exists for the pursuit of learning, the transmission of knowledge, the development of students as scholars and citizens, and ultimately, for the general well-being of society. Freedom of inquiry, speech, action, and expression is indispensable in the attainment of these goals. Academic freedom is at the cornerstone of the enterprise.
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Complaint claims Shippensburg U. ‘speech codes’ discriminated against religious group
May 8, 2008
by Don Aines Herald-Mail The Alliance Defense Fund on Wednesday filed a complaint in federal court against Shippensburg University, claiming the university violated a 2004 settlement with a First Amendment advocacy group through “speech codes” that discriminated against a campus religious group. The complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, states the university violated the 2004 agreement with the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) when it “reinserted unconstitutional provisions into current university policy,” according to a press release from FIRE. That included “in many cases utilizing language copied seemingly verbatim from […]
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Shippensburg sued for reinstating speech codes
May 8, 2008
Shippensburg University, located outside Harrisburg, is back in court four years after officials agreed to settle a lawsuit by repealing its controversial speech codes, which civil rights advocates argued infringed on the First Amendment rights of students. Claiming the university breached a previous settlement agreement, civil rights attorneys filed another lawsuit against the university Wednesday claiming the school reinstated a number of unconstitutional speech codes, some containing the exact language of those originally challenged. “Shippensburg’s ‘courthouse conversion’ several years ago, when it promised to respect the First Amendment and change its ways, has now proven insincere,” said ADF senior legal […]
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When Speech Becomes a Crime
June 28, 2006
By Cinnamon Stillwell at San Francisco Chronicle Roman Catholic Robert Smith is fired from an appointment on the Washington Metro transit authority board by Maryland Governor Robert Ehrlich for the crime of saying that he doesn’t approve of homosexuality. Journalist and author Oriana Fallaci cannot visit her native country of Italy for fear of being thrown in prison because of a lawsuit brought against her by the Italian Muslim Union for the crime of “defaming Islam.” British neo-Nazi David Irving is sentenced to three years in prison in Austria for a 1989 speech in which he committed the crime of […]
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Tools for School
April 18, 2006
It’s hardly worth asking anymore whether political indoctrination is a problem in higher education. The problem has been demonstrated and re-demonstrated ad nauseam over the last couple of decades, so serious observers are left with two main lines of inquiry: First, how can we reliably differentiate pernicious indoctrination from legitimate academic discourse? And second, what can we do to combat the indoctrination? The first of these questions is taken up in a short new book published by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, a Philadelphia-based civil-liberties group. In FIRE’s Guide to First-Year Orientation and Thought Reform on Campus, attorneys […]
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Campus Conscience Police?
December 21, 2005
“Over one’s inner mind, and self, no one has coercive power.” So write attorneys Jordan Lorence and Harvey A. Silverglate, authors of the just-published Guide to First-Year Orientation and Thought Reform on Campus from the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE). The Guide is yet another indication that political correctness is faltering on campuses across North America. To those who value the right of individuals to a conscience—that is, to judge right and wrong for themselves—this is welcome news. Political correctness is the belief that certain ideas and attitudes are improper and, so, should be discouraged or prohibited by […]
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Bad Frog Beer to ‘intelligent design’
October 17, 2005
Until he was assigned Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, U.S. District Judge John E. Jones 3d was probably best known, if at all, for some controversial decisions while presiding over Pennsylvania’s state-run liquor system. As chairman of the Liquor Control Board for seven years, Jones spearheaded then-Gov. Tom Ridge’s failed campaign to privatize the state stores and banned the sale of Bad Frog Beer because he thought that the label broke the boundaries of good taste. The offending label featured a frog flipping the bird. Today, Jones is presiding over the most closely watched trial in America. Kitzmiller v. […]
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Wronging student rights
September 3, 2005
By Greg Lukianoff in The Boston Globe As summer ends and college students return to campus, a number of dreadful court decisions may cause them to wonder if their rights have taken a permanent vacation. While the past decades have hardly been a golden age for student rights, there was good reason to be optimistic in recent years. Speech codes fell at colleges from New York to California, the Department of Education finally clarified that “harassment” does not mean just being offended, and Texas Tech University had to admit that its lone 20-foot-wide “free speech gazebo” was inadequate space for […]
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FIRE Chalks Up Another Victory for Students’ Free-Speech Rights
May 16, 2005
The State University of New York at Brockport has agreed to repeal its speech code. It is the fourth consecutive victory for a Philadelphia-based group in its campaign against such codes on America’s public college and university campuses. Last June, with help from the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), two students in the College Republican Club filed a federal lawsuit alleging that SUNY Brockport’s anti-harassment policies violated their free-speech rights. Under Brockport’s speech code, examples of harassment included “cartoons that depict religious figures in compromising situations,” calling someone an “old bag,” and “jokes … making fun of any […]
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Liberating America’s Intellectual Gulags
April 15, 2005
David French knows what intimidation is. French, the new President of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, graduated from Harvard Law School in the early 1990s. One might say that anyone with similar credentials ought to know the definition of intimidation – but French’s experience is a bit more personal than that.“As a pro-life, Christian conservative, I received death threats in my campus mailbox, was shouted down by students and (once) was even shouted down in class by my own professor,” he says about his years in Cambridge. French now spends much of his time explaining to university general […]
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Beware of universities that wear diversity label
April 14, 2004
In far too many instances, what passes as college life and education today is no less than shameful. Under the name of diversity and political correctness, billions of taxpayer dollars and donor contributions are used to promote what might be charitably called enlightened racism, uniformity of thought and political proselytizing. Let’s look at some of it.The student code of Shippensburg University, in Pennsylvania, said that students had a “right to express a personal belief system” but only if such expression did not “demean,” “annoy” or “alarm” others. Thus, if a student expressed a distaste for race or sex preferences in […]
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Campus rules overreach
March 3, 2004
USA Today Following the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, several students at Shippensburg (Pa.) University put up posters in their dorms depicting Osama bin Laden in a rifle’s crosshairs. But school officials ordered the posters removed. The students said they were told the signs might offend other dorm residents. In response to that bit of political correctness run amok, a group representing the students sued the university, claiming its code of student conduct limits free speech. A federal judge agreed. Last week, the school revised its code, which had banned ”any unwanted conduct which annoys, demeans or alarms.” The case illustrates […]
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The Philadelphia Inquirer, USA Today, and the Pasadena Star-News on FIRE
March 3, 2004
Universities still do not comprehend that their contempt for free speech places them far, far outside of the mainstream of American public opinion. In particular, they seem continually surprised that the media, who live or die by the Bill of Rights, understand freedom of expression full well. The March 1 lead editorial of The Philadelphia Inquirer, an editorial in today’s USA Today, and yet another editorial in the Pasadena Star-News offer a compelling textbook education, if academic administrators are willing to listen, in the relationship of higher education and freedom of speech.
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University alters code of conduct in wake of challenge
March 2, 2004
By Don Aines at The Herald-Mail SHIPPENSBURG, Pa. – Shippensburg University has changed Portions of its student code of conduct and replaced its Racism and Cultural Diversity Policy in response to a successful court challenge by two students who said it violated their First Amendment rights, the students’ attorney said. The university announced last week it replaced the Racism and Cultural Diversity Policy with a statement of principles regarding its commitment to educational diversity. Sections of the code of conduct also were changed in accordance with a ruling by Judge John E. Jones III of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District […]
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Free speech dilemmas; Free speech ‘zones’ and ‘codes’ go from campus to court
January 12, 2004
The free speech wars continue to be waged on university campuses, producing their fair share of First Amendment litigation.While campus “speech codes” that discipline students for offensive or so-called “politically incorrect” speech have been roundly condemned by the courts, they are still generating controversy.But still to be tested are “free speech zones,” which confine free speech activities to a specific area of a campus. Such zones are vulnerable to challenge if used as a kind of banishment that isolates speakers from their intended audience.Greg C. Lukianoff, director of legal and public advocacy for the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, […]
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Confronting the campus radicals
January 7, 2004
David Horowitz thinks that anybody who cares about the future should confront the fact that U.S. colleges and universities are the fountainhead of financing for the radical movement in America. He has personally taken up the challenge to do something about this.Horowitz was a left-wing campus activist in the 1960s, but he says that men who were too radical even for him and Ramparts, the magazine he edited in the 1960s, now hold tenure at major universities. During the 1970s, these hardcore leftists achieved critical mass on university faculties, took control of hiring committees, and then saw to it that […]
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Survey: many college students fuzzy on first amendment rights
January 1, 2004
PHILADELPHIA — One out of four college students in a nationwide survey was unable to name any of the freedoms protected by the First Amendment, according to a free-speech watchdog group.“These survey results are disheartening, but they unfortunately are not surprising,” says Alan Charles Kors, president of the nonprofit Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE).Even among campus administrators who were surveyed, from presidents to assistant deans, 11 percent couldn’t name any specific First Amendment rights, the survey indicated. And when asked which freedom the amendment addresses first, only 2 percent of the students and 6 percent of the administrators […]
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Speech Codes: Alive and Well at Colleges…
August 1, 2003
By Greg Lukianoff and Harvey Silverglate at The Chronicle of Higher Education Five years ago, a higher-education editor for The New York Times informed one of us, Harvey Silverglate, that Neil L. Rudenstine — then president of Harvard University — had insisted that Harvard did not have, much less enforce, any “speech codes.” Silverglate suggested the editor dig deeper, because virtually any undergraduate could contest the president’s claim. A mere three years earlier, the faculty of the Harvard Law School had adopted “Sexual Harassment Guidelines” targeted at “seriously offensive” speech. The guidelines were passed in response to a heated campus […]
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Activists Still Fighting War of Free Speech on Campus
June 17, 2003
By John Elvin at Insight Magazine Shades of the 1960s. According to an Associated Press report, students and activists on college campuses around the country are taking the institutions to court over rules they claim inhibit free speech. One focal point of the controversy is the offering of designated areas on campus where students can carry on as they like. The protesters say such rules are in effect a ban on speaking their minds anywhere else at the colleges and universities. Another issue is the ban in effect or under consideration at some institutions that target “offensive speech.” The article […]
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War of Words
May 23, 2003
By Beth McMurtrie at The Chronicle of Higher Education Advocacy group says campus speech codes are unconstitutional; many colleges say their policies are being distorted A lawsuit filed against Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania last month has rekindled a debate about whether policies designed to protect students from harassment violate the First Amendment. Two undergraduates, backed by a national campus free-speechadvocacy group, sued the state institution, arguing that its policies governing student conduct are unconstitutionally vague, too broad, and discriminate on the basis of religious and political viewpoints. The lawsuit is the first volley in a new campaign by the Foundation for Individual […]
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Campus Freedom
May 4, 2003
Richmond Times-Dispatch The other day the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) began a sustained assault against the Orwellian speech codes so many of the nation’s colleges and universities have imposed. It filed suit against little-known Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania; during the next year it plans to file suit in each of the 12 federal appellate circuits. Here’s hoping it enjoys the success of the troops in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Shippensburg might not make many headlines, but it richly deserves the case brought against it. Its student code of conduct alleges students have a “primary” right to be free […]
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Race, Diversity, Speech Rights, Dress Codes
April 27, 2003
By Scott Norvell at FOXnews A group of Boston ministers who used to enjoy free golfing at a city-owned course is saying the decision to rescind that privilege is racist, reported the Boston Globe. A city contract to run the course in Franklin Park, Mass., previously allowed the mayor, the parks commissioner and “duly ordained ministers” to play without paying greens fees. But last week, after details of the contract were revealed, the policy was abolished. The Rev. James Allen, pastor of the Shekinah Glory Church of God in Christ in Mattapan, Mass., said the decision was unfair because a […]
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University Speech Codes Under Fire
April 25, 2003
By Steve Jordahl at Family News Restrictions on free speech at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania are under fire. The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) has filed a lawsuit against the school to remove what it calls a “speech code.” In the university’s code of conduct, students are warned against “unconscious attitudes” that might surface in their speech. Still, Shippensburg’s spokesman Pete Gigliotti vehemently denies that they have a speech code. “This university has and always will vigorously defend the right to free speech,” Gigliotti said. “We feel free speech is an important aspect of education and we encourage our students to […]
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University ‘Speech Codes’ Under Fire
April 25, 2003
By Sue Collins at Plastic “Should a university have the right to establish ‘speech codes’ prescribing how, where, and in some cases, what a student may say?” ms_sue_collins asks. “The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education has begun a national campaign against such restrictions, saying that they amount to unconstitutional censorship. The group has filed a federal lawsuit against Shippensburg University in Pennysylvania and its president, Anthony Ceddia, on behalf of two students who wish to remain anonymous. The suit contends that the university’s code of conduct has a ‘chilling effect’ on the students’ right to express or discuss their ideas. Although there […]
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Victory for Free Speech at Shippensburg: After Violating Terms of 2004 Settlement, University Once Again Dismantles Unconstitutional Speech Code
October 24, 2008
Shippensburg University (SU) has agreed―again―to dismantle its unconstitutional speech code. In a victory for free speech on campus, the Alliance Defense Fund (ADF) announced yesterday that it had reached an out-of-court settlement with Shippensburg. The settlement ends ADF’s lawsuit, filed this past May, which alleged that the university had violated the terms of a 2004 agreement in which the school had promised to rescind or reform its unconstitutional speech code. The 2004 agreement was reached after a federal district judge issued a preliminary injunction against enforcement of its speech code, finding that many of the code’s provisions “could certainly be […]
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Shippensburg Issues Statement on Speech Code Lawsuit, Blames Student Government for Constitutional Violations
May 15, 2008
Shippensburg has released a statement in response to the federal lawsuit the Alliance Defense Fund (ADF) filed against the school. In the lawsuit, ADF charged that Shippensburg unconstitutionally reinstated its speech codes in violation of a previous settlement, and denied recognition to a student organization based on its viewpoint. In its statement, Shippensburg concedes that reinstating the speech codes violated the settlement, and pledges to work harder to make sure the speech codes are not in place in the future. The school claims to have a commitment to free speech and upholding its students’ constitutional rights. Unfortunately, alongside its pledge […]
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Federal Lawsuit Filed against Shippensburg University for Violation of Settlement Repealing Unconstitutional Speech Codes
May 7, 2008
In a press release today, FIRE announces that a complaint has been filed in federal court today by attorneys from the Alliance Defense Fund (ADF) against Shippensburg University. The complaint alleges that Shippensburg University has dishonestly reinstituted unconstitutional policies in violation of the terms of a 2004 legal settlement reached with members of FIRE’s Legal Network. The settlement in 2004 came after the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania issued a preliminary injunction against the university, ordering Shippensburg’s then-president, Anthony F. Ceddia, not to enforce unconstitutional provisions of Shippensburg’s code. The settlement ended a lawsuit brought by […]
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Federal Lawsuit Filed against Shippensburg University as School Blatantly Violates Settlement Repealing Unconstitutional Speech Codes
May 7, 2008
SHIPPENSBURG, Pa., May 7, 2008—A complaint filed in federal court today by attorneys from the Alliance Defense Fund (ADF) alleges that Shippensburg University has dishonestly reinstituted unconstitutional policies in violation of the terms of a 2004 legal settlement reached with members of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education’s (FIRE’s) Legal Network. The existing settlement was reached in February 2004 after the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania issued a preliminary injunction against the university, ordering Shippensburg’s then-president, Anthony F. Ceddia, not to enforce unconstitutional provisions of Shippensburg’s code. The settlement ended a lawsuit brought by FIRE […]
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There Is No Such Thing as ‘Hate Speech’
February 24, 2006
Yes, that is correct. “Hate speech” is not a category of speech recognized under current constitutional law. It is merely a convenient way to pigeonhole speech that some people find offensive. But what is very troubling is when people begin to treat “hate speech” as unprotected speech. For example, a student leader at Penn State, a university which was recently sued for its unconstitutionally vague and overbroad speech codes, made the following comment featured in a prominent article in the student newspaper The Daily Collegian: “We support any and all university policies that prohibit intolerant actions against any student on […]
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Speech codes make universities intolerant
January 5, 2006
Have you ever known a legislator who didn’t think his job was terribly important?Imagine the campaign slogan: “Elect me, because who really cares?” Or the direct-mail letters: “It’d be nice if you sent me a donation — but it doesn’t really matter.” The very concept is ridiculous. But apparently someone forgot to tell that to state Rep. Dan Surra, D-Elk. Surra has been quoted in the news media as calling a committee on which he himself serves a “colossal waste of time.” This “colossal waste” is the bipartisan Select Committee on Student Academic Freedom, established last year via House Resolution […]
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Your ‘Guide’ to Fighting Thought Reform on Campus
November 11, 2005
If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein. If there are any circumstances which permit an exception, they do not now occur to us. —West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943) These words recognize that the freedom of conscience is an inviolable right provided to Americans by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Tragically, however, many colleges […]
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The Authoritarian Communitarian Impulse
July 27, 2005
The Chronicle of Higher Education contains a fascinating account of an anthropology professor who spent a year posing as an undergrad student as part of a study of modern student life. Many of her findings were unsurprising (particularly for those of us who can still remember our own college days). Students are busy, focused on careers more than a love of learning, and they are animated by an overwhelming desire to have “fun.” The professor’s observations then led to this comment: That fun is a fundamental law of college life is no revelation to administrators who work closely with students, […]
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FIRE Has Never Been ‘Sheepish’ on the Danger of Confusing Free Speech with Indoctrination
March 2, 2005
I wanted to add to David’s post about the article from The Nation. The author wrote: New, well-funded organizations like the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) specifically urge universities to monitor and divest themselves of those engaged in “rank political indoctrination”—which even they rather sheepishly acknowledge is an awfully thin line away from political speech. We have been sheepish in acknowledging the care you have to use to distinguish between political speech and indoctrination? Really? Does testifying before the United States Senate to warn about the dangers of confusing “indoctrination” with political speech count as being “sheepish”? I […]
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More on ‘Soft’ Violations of Conscience
February 21, 2005
Thank you David for the recent post, and I would like to assure him I am not much for skewering (except the barbeque kind). However, I do disagree, in part, with a recent post in which David discussed his thoughts on violations of the right to conscience. I fully agree that “mandatory diversity training, ‘sensitivity training’ as punishment for misconduct, and mandatory first-year orientation programs that teach students the correct way to think about race, gender, sexual orientation, and religion” can potentially violate students’ right to private conscience (you can read more about cases like this in the Guide to […]
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UC Santa Barbara’s Unlikely Claims
February 8, 2005
Last week the University of California at Santa Barbara capitulated in its attempt to force the owner of a site called thedarksideofucsb.com to remove the initials “UCSB” on its site. This is a remarkable case for so many reasons, not the least of which is that it highlights the trend of using intellectual property law as a tool for silencing criticism. Obviously, it would be hard to criticize an organization or institution if you couldn’t say its name! “Man, I think BLANK is corrupt. You know who I mean by BLANK, correct?” just isn’t a very effective way to dissent. […]
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Shippensburg University: Freedom of Speech 101
March 1, 2004
Since the beginning, America has struggled with the concept of free speech. It’s a great idea in the abstract. But when reality hits – when free speech alarms, threatens and offends – the temptation is to rein it in. But then it’s not free speech anymore. Universities have become prime places to witness this free speech dilemma. Virtually all institutions of higher learning today declare devotion to free speech and encourage students from diverse backgrounds to express themselves in equal measure.At the same time – as if terrified all this free speaking might cross too many boundaries – universities also […]
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A Great Victory for Free Speech at Shippensburg
February 24, 2004
SHIPPENSBURG, PA—In a historic victory for free speech on college and university campuses, Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania, which first vehemently defended its extensive restrictions upon student free speech, has agreed to repeal its unconstitutional speech code. The settlement comes after the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania issued a preliminary injunction against the university in September, ordering Shippensburg’s president, Anthony F. Ceddia, not to enforce provisions of Shippensburg’s code. The successful lawsuit was brought by Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) Legal Network attorneys David A. French and William Adair Bonner as the inaugural suit in […]
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